Beer in modern times

-----------------------------------------------------------------

Steam engine 1765

With the introduction of James Watt's steam engine,
industrialization and rationalization began to invade brewing.
The first breweries to use steam power called themselves Steam
Beer Breweries. Today, one brewery in German still uses the name
steam beer.

Beer transportation 1835

The first German railway line was opened between N�rnberg and
F�rth. The first goods transported were (otherwise we wouldn't
have mentioned it here) two barrels of beer.

Industrial developments did not simply pass over the beer brewers
but started to take their effect at the beginning of the 19th
century. Two extremely important inventions revolutionized beer
brewing. The first, as previously mentioned, was James Watt's
steam engine which dramatically increased the efficiency of the
breweries. The second, even more important to the brewing
industry, invention was by

Carl Linde

In von Linde's time , it had already been scientifically
proven that the making of good beer required certain
temperatures. The brewing of bottom fermented beer (lager beer),
for example, demands temperatures of 4 to 10 degrees Centigrade.
Such temperatures occur only in winter, or in deep cellars with
the use of large quantities of block ice. Through the invention
of refrigeration by Carl von Linde, beer brewing became
seasonally independent. Fittingly, the first refrigeration
equipment was tested in a Munich brewery.

Louis Pasteur

Considerable scientific research took place in breweries
in the 19th century. A famous work from 1876 by Louis
Pasteur was "Etudes sur la Biere" (studies concerning beer).
Louis Pasteur gained his knowledge of microorganisms from these
studies. This basic knowledge is still indispensable today, not
only in the production of beverages, but also in medicine and
biology. (Everyone knows the word "pasteurized" from the milk
cartons in the supermarket.) We owe our knowledge, that the beer
witches were the victims of unsanitary work procedures and sloppy
brewers, to Louis Pasteur. Another pioneering discovery in beer
brewing was the work of

Christian Hansen.

The Danish scientist, Christian Hansen, successfully isolated a
single yeast cell and induced it to reproduce on an artificial
culture medium. With the ensuing yeast propagation methods, the
purity of the fermenting process has been improved and beer taste
perfected.

Salvator Battle 1888

Beer and its price have always been of extreme importance to
German consumers. The consequences a beer price increase can
bring with it were shown in 1888 in Munich when the Salvator
battle took place, as citizens violently rebelled against such a
price increase.

Kegs

Wooden barrels have been almost completely replaced by
metal barrels for most pub trade. In 1964 metal kegs
were introduced in Germany. Firstly, cleaning and filling was
much simpler. Secondly, tapping and closing off was much easier
for the bar personnel. This was a big hit with pub and restaurant
owners. Kegs are cylindrical, made of stainless steel or aluminum
and contain an extractor tube. Some compressed carbon dioxide
remains in the keg after closing off to prevent the beer residue
from drying out.

Although our "Beer History" has come to an end here, thousands of
German brewers and millions of fans of German beer around the
world write new chapters every day.

� Copyright by terramedia 1996

-----------------------------------------------------------------
� BEER FROM GERMANY is a terramedia project.
All rights reserved.
-----------------------------------------------------------------

Beer in modern times

-----------------------------------------------------------------

Steam engine 1765

With the introduction of James Watt's steam engine,
industrialization and rationalization began to invade brewing.
The first breweries to use steam power called themselves Steam
Beer Breweries. Today, one brewery in German still uses the name
steam beer.

Beer transportation 1835

The first German railway line was opened between N�rnberg and
F�rth. The first goods transported were (otherwise we wouldn't
have mentioned it here) two barrels of beer.

Industrial developments did not simply pass over the beer brewers
but started to take their effect at the beginning of the 19th
century. Two extremely important inventions revolutionized beer
brewing. The first, as previously mentioned, was James Watt's
steam engine which dramatically increased the efficiency of the
breweries. The second, even more important to the brewing
industry, invention was by

Carl Linde

In von Linde's time , it had already been scientifically
proven that the making of good beer required certain
temperatures. The brewing of bottom fermented beer (lager beer),
for example, demands temperatures of 4 to 10 degrees Centigrade.
Such temperatures occur only in winter, or in deep cellars with
the use of large quantities of block ice. Through the invention
of refrigeration by Carl von Linde, beer brewing became
seasonally independent. Fittingly, the first refrigeration
equipment was tested in a Munich brewery.

Louis Pasteur

Considerable scientific research took place in breweries
in the 19th century. A famous work from 1876 by Louis
Pasteur was "Etudes sur la Biere" (studies concerning beer).
Louis Pasteur gained his knowledge of microorganisms from these
studies. This basic knowledge is still indispensable today, not
only in the production of beverages, but also in medicine and
biology. (Everyone knows the word "pasteurized" from the milk
cartons in the supermarket.) We owe our knowledge, that the beer
witches were the victims of unsanitary work procedures and sloppy
brewers, to Louis Pasteur. Another pioneering discovery in beer
brewing was the work of

Christian Hansen.

The Danish scientist, Christian Hansen, successfully isolated a
single yeast cell and induced it to reproduce on an artificial
culture medium. With the ensuing yeast propagation methods, the
purity of the fermenting process has been improved and beer taste
perfected.

Salvator Battle 1888

Beer and its price have always been of extreme importance to
German consumers. The consequences a beer price increase can
bring with it were shown in 1888 in Munich when the Salvator
battle took place, as citizens violently rebelled against such a
price increase.

Kegs

Wooden barrels have been almost completely replaced by
metal barrels for most pub trade. In 1964 metal kegs
were introduced in Germany. Firstly, cleaning and filling was
much simpler. Secondly, tapping and closing off was much easier
for the bar personnel. This was a big hit with pub and restaurant
owners. Kegs are cylindrical, made of stainless steel or aluminum
and contain an extractor tube. Some compressed carbon dioxide
remains in the keg after closing off to prevent the beer residue
from drying out.

Although our "Beer History" has come to an end here, thousands of
German brewers and millions of fans of German beer around the
world write new chapters every day.

� Copyright by terramedia 1996

-----------------------------------------------------------------
� BEER FROM GERMANY is a terramedia project.
All rights reserved.
-----------------------------------------------------------------